Central Nervous System Infections

Central nervous system Infection is a life-threatening condition in the Pediatric population. Almost all agents can cause infection within the central nervous system and the extent of infection ranges from diffuse involvement of the meninges, brain and the spinal cord to localized involvement presenting as a space-occupying lesion. Acute bacterial meningitis remains a major cause of mortality and long-term neurological disability. Opportunely, the incidence of infection after clean craniotomy is < 5%, but it leads to significant morbidity as well as fiscal loss. The most significant causative factor in post craniotomy infections is postoperative cerebral spinal fluid leak. Cerebral abscess related to organic congenital heart disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Pediatric population. Viral meningitis is sometimes termed aseptic meningitis. Other infections affect primarily the brain and result in encephalitis. Infections affect both the meninges and brain result in meningoencephalitis. Meningitis is far more common among children than is encephalitis.


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